This book delves into the multifaceted presence and character of the University of Athens, the first higher education institution of the Greek state. It presents a comprehensive study and narrative of its history during its first century, from its founding until the interwar period. This is achieved through an ongoing dialogue with both previous and contemporary historiographical approaches, drawing upon its extensive archives. By focusing on the key milestones of its historical trajectory, the book illuminates the University’s pivotal role as the foremost educational and scientific body. It aimed to fully integrate Greece into the community of European nations, both by championing the distinguished historical past of the Greek nation-state, with an emphasis on antiquity—the cradle of European civilization—and by contributing to the country’s scientific and technological advancement (from the back cover).